Cancer,Cancer Care,Radiation Oncology,Medical Oncology,Surgical Oncology,Physicians,medical terms,Cancer treatment,Prostate Cancer,Lung Cancer,Breast Cancer,Colorectal Cancer,Bladder Cancer,Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma,Ovarian Cancer,Skin Cancer,Brain Mets,Bone Mets

Staging: Definition of TNM:

*Note: Tumor found in one or both lobes by needle biopsy, but not palpable or reliably visible by imaging, is classified as T1c.

Primary Tumor, Pathologic (pT)
**Note: Invasion into the prostatic apex or into (but not beyond) the prostatic capsule is not classified as T3, but as T2.

***Note: There is no pathologic T1 classification.

****Note: When more than one site of metastasis is present, the most advanced category is used. pM1c is most advanced.

Primary Tumor, Clinical (T):

Primary tumor cannot be assessed

No evidence of primary tumor

Clinically inapparent tumor not palpable nor visible by imaging

	T1a -	Tumor incidental histologic finding in 5% or less of tissue resected
	T1b -	Tumor incidental histologic finding in more than 5% of tissue resected
	T1c -	Tumor identified by needle biopsy (e.g., because of elevated PSA)

Tumor confined within prostate*

	T2a -	Tumor involves one lobe
	T2b -	Tumor involves both lobes

Tumor extends through the prostate capsule**

	T3a -	Extracapsular extension (unilateral or bilateral)
	T3b -	Tumor invades seminal vesicle(s)

Tumor is fixed or invades adjacent structures other than seminal vesicles: bladder neck, external sphincter, rectum, levator muscles and/or pelvic wall

T3	.
pT2***	Organ confined
pT2a	Unilateral
pT2b	Bilateral
pT3	Extraprostatic extension
pT3a	Extraprostatic extension
pT3b	Seminal vesicle invasion
pT4	Invasion of bladder, rectum

Regional Lymph Nodes (N)
NX	Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0	No regional lymph node metastasis
N1	Metastasis in regional lymph node or nodes

Distant Metastasis**** (M)

Distant metastasis cannot be assessed

No distant metastasis

Distant metastasis

	M1a -	Nonregional lymph node(s)
	M1b -	Bone(s)
	M1c -	Other site(s)

STAGE GROUPING
Stage I	T1a	N0	M0	G1
Stage II	T1a	N0	M0	G2, 3-4
	T1b	N0	M0	Any G
	T1c	N0	M0	Any G
	T1	N0	M0	Any G
	T2	N0	M0	Any G
Stage III	T3	N0	M0	Any G
Stage IV	T4	N0	M0	Any G
	Any T	N1	M0	Any G
	Any T	Any N	M1	Any G